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Dr. Antonio Ledo, Castellana 167, E-28046 Madrid (Spain) In 1966 Amren et al. [1] reported 10 cases of perianal erythema caused by group A ß-hemolytic streptococci. Usually it is observed in prepuberal males and is characterized by well-demarcated perianal erythema without satellite lesions. Occasionally patients have fissures, painful defecation with secondary constipation and rectal bleeding. A 4-year-old boy had a 3-month history of perianal redness, pruritus and occasional bleeding. No treatment was tried previously. Physical examination showed perianal erythema sharply demarcated from the normal skin, and there were no satellite lesions. Fissures were observed (fig. 1). A surface culture from the perianal area was positive for group A ß-hemolytic streptococci. The patient was treated with 2% mupirocin ointment, twice a day for 10 days. The erythema and pruritus resolved. Repeated cultures 1 week and 1 month later were negative. Perianal streptococcal cellulitis usually presents as prolonged perianal redness, pruritus, painful defecation and rectal bleeding. It is often unsuspected and confused with psoriasis, candidiasis, seborrheic dermatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, pinworm infection or a behavioral problem [2]. Culture of perianal skin confirms the diagnosis [1]. Treatment of this condition with oral penicillin for 10 days is usually successful [2, 3], and oral erythromycin is also effective [4]. Postreatment culture should dictate the length of therapy [4]. Mupirocin (pseudomonic acid) is an active antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens. This drug inhibits protein synthesis in the bacterial cell by preventing the incorporation of isoleucine into the protein chain. It is very effective against gram-positive cocci, staphylococci and streptococci (except Streptococcus faecalis), and no evi-